In school and primary school pedagogy, gender has been part of the disciplinary discourse since the 1980s. When dealing with the results of gender-sensitive (primary) school pedagogy, it is striking that they remain almost entirely attached to a gender-dichotomous focus on boys and girls. Against the background of the discourses of gender studies and the current state of gender research, this is not without problems: In accordance to these critical assumptions about binary gender construction, the state of research in gender-sensitive or gender-appropriate school and primary school pedagogy with regard to the persistence of gender-dichotomous concepts is critically analyzed and theoretically reflected.