A thermomechanical model of on-board multi-state hydrogen fuel systems in aviation

Research output: Contribution to book/Conference proceedings/Anthology/Report › Conference contribution › Contributed › peer-review

Contributors

Abstract

Achieving efficient and reliable on-board hydrogen storage is a central challenge in the decarbonisation of aviation. The effectiveness of hydrogen as a zero-carbon fuel depends strongly on its physical storage state. While Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) offers high energy density but requires complex cryogenic systems, Compressed Hydrogen (CH2) is operationally simpler yet penalised by high structural mass. Cryo-compressed Hydrogen (CH2) provides an intermediate option. Motivated by the hypothesis that combining tanks operating at different pressures and temperatures (multi-state storage) may offer complementary advantages, this study develops a framework to explore and quantify their potential. We present a modular thermomechanical model for single- and multi-tank hydrogen storage systems that takes mission requirements as input and returns a compatible tank geometry, transient thermal loads, and the pressure-temperature evolution in each tank. The model is verified against reference data and applied to a representative regional aircraft mission to demonstrate effectiveness in modelling single- and multi-tank configurations. These demonstrations confirm that the framework robustly captures inter-tank mass and energy exchange, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at evaluating performance trade-offs and design optimisation.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationFuture Aviation Propulsion Systems - From Tank to Thrust, from Research to Qualification
EditorsFrancesca di Mare, Hanns Amri, Lorenz Braumann
PublisherSpringer, Cham
Chapter2
Pages30-73
Number of pages44
ISBN (electronic)978-3-032-30740-8
ISBN (print)978-3-032-30742-2, 978-3-032-30739-2
Publication statusPublished - 4 Jul 2026
Peer-reviewedYes

Publication series

SeriesLecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
ISSN2195-4356

Symposium

Title2nd Vienna Aviation Days
SubtitleFuture propulsion systems – from tank to thrust, from research to qualification
Abbreviated titleVAD 2025
Conference number2
Duration7 - 8 July 2025
Website
LocationWirtschaftskammer Österreich
CityWien
CountryAustria

External IDs

ORCID /0000-0003-3811-0777/work/221399259
ORCID /0009-0001-7932-7086/work/221402857
ORCID /0000-0003-1370-064X/work/221400464
Scopus 105046833851
WOS 001852107900002

Keywords

Keywords

  • Cryo-compressed hydrogen, Cryogenic hydrogen, Hydrogen-powered aviation, Multi-state hydrogen storage, Thermodynamic modelling