VN Thin Films via MOCVD Using a New Vanadium Precursor: Linking Growth Chemistry to Functional Surface Properties

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Jean Pierre Glauber - , Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Ruhr University Bochum (Author)
  • Julian Lorenz - , German Aerospace Center (DLR) (Author)
  • Ji Liu - , University College Cork (Author)
  • Marietta Seifert - , Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Author)
  • Volker Hoffmann - , Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Author)
  • Carlos Abad - , Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Berlin (Author)
  • Detlef Rogalla - , Ruhr University Bochum (Author)
  • Lars Giebeler - , Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Author)
  • Corinna Harms - , German Aerospace Center (DLR) (Author)
  • Michael Wark - , University of Oldenburg (Author)
  • Michael Nolan - , University College Cork (Author)
  • Anjana Devi - , Chair of Materials Chemistry (gB/IFW), Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Ruhr University Bochum, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems (Author)

Abstract

Vanadium nitride (VN) is a promising material for many applications, including the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR). Catalyst nanoengineering enables experimental validation of its predicted eNRR activity, but most VN catalysts are made by using methods that lack precise control. This study introduces a new metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process for high-quality, faceted, and crystalline VN thin films. N,N’-diisopropylformamidinatovanadate [V(dpfamd)3] is identified as a suitable precursor with favorable thermal properties. Using NH3 as a co-reactant yields pure crystalline VN thin films on Si substrates. To investigate structure–property relationships relevant to eNRR, the films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry combined with nuclear reaction analysis (RBS/NRA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Observing NH3’s strong influence during growth, first principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations are performed, supporting an energetically favorable decomposition pathway of [V(dpfamd)3] to VN with NH3 present. Process transfer from Si to conductive Ti substrates, required for in-depth electrochemical testing, yields VN thin-film properties similar to those on Si. Preliminary eNRR measurements indicate a potential correlation between faceting and eNRR activity, highlighting the potential of MOCVD-grown VN thin films for future eNRR applications.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere01972
JournalSmall methods
Volume10
Issue number3
Early online date18 Dec 2025
Publication statusPublished - 9 Feb 2026
Peer-reviewedYes

Keywords

Keywords

  • catalyst nanoengineering, density functional theory (DFT) simulation, electrochemical nitrogen reduction, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, precursor chemistries, structure–property correlation, vanadium nitride