Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently emerged as possible candidates for valleytronic applications, as the spin and valley pseudospin are directly coupled and stabilized by a large spin splitting. In these semiconducting materials, optically excited electron–hole pairs form tightly Coulomb-bound excitons with large binding energies. The selection rules for excitonic transitions allow for direct optical generation of a valley-polarized exciton population using resonant excitation. Here, we investigate the exciton valley dynamics in monolayers of three different TMDCs by means of time-resolved Kerr rotation at low temperatures. We observe pronounced differences in the valley dynamics of tungsten- and molybdenum-based TMDCs, which are directly related to the opposite order of the conduction-band spin splitting in these materials.