One-dimensional self-confinement promotes polymorph selection in large-area organic semiconductor thin films

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Gaurav Giri - , Stanford University (Author)
  • Ruipeng Li - , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Author)
  • Detlef M. Smilgies - , Cornell University (Author)
  • Er Qiang Li - , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Author)
  • Ying Diao - , Stanford University (Author)
  • Kristina M. Lenn - , Cornell University (Author)
  • Melanie Chiu - , Stanford University (Author)
  • Debora W. Lin - , Stanford University (Author)
  • Ranulfo Allen - , Stanford University (Author)
  • Julia Reinspach - , Stanford University (Author)
  • Stefan C.B. Mannsfeld - , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (Author)
  • Sigurdur T. Thoroddsen - , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Author)
  • Paulette Clancy - , Cornell University (Author)
  • Zhenan Bao - , Stanford University (Author)
  • Aram Amassian - , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Author)

Abstract

A crystal's structure has significant impact on its resulting biological, physical, optical and electronic properties. In organic electronics, 6,13(bis-triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene), a small-molecule organic semiconductor, adopts metastable polymorphs possessing significantly faster charge transport than the equilibrium crystal when deposited using the solution-shearing method. Here, we use a combination of high-speed polarized optical microscopy, in situ microbeam grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray-scattering and molecular simulations to understand the mechanism behind formation of metastable TIPS-pentacene polymorphs. We observe that thin-film crystallization occurs first at the air-solution interface, and nanoscale vertical spatial confinement of the solution results in formation of metastable polymorphs, a one-dimensional and large-area analogy to crystallization of polymorphs in nanoporous matrices. We demonstrate that metastable polymorphism can be tuned with unprecedented control and produced over large areas by either varying physical confinement conditions or by tuning energetic conditions during crystallization through use of solvent molecules of various sizes.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number3573
JournalNature communications
Volume5
Publication statusPublished - 16 Apr 2014
Peer-reviewedYes
Externally publishedYes

External IDs

PubMed 24736391