Non-Skewed X-inactivation Results in NF-κB Essential Modulator (NEMO) Δ-exon 5-autoinflammatory Syndrome (NEMO-NDAS) in a Female with Incontinentia Pigmenti

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Jessica Eigemann - , Ulm University (Author)
  • Ales Janda - , Ulm University (Author)
  • Catharina Schuetz - , Department of Paediatrics, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ) - Partner Site Leipzig/Dresden (Author)
  • Min Ae Lee-Kirsch - , Department of Paediatrics, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ) - Partner Site Leipzig/Dresden (Author)
  • Ansgar Schulz - , Ulm University, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ) - Partner Site Ulm (Author)
  • Manfred Hoenig - , Ulm University, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ) - Partner Site Ulm (Author)
  • Ingrid Furlan - , Ulm University (Author)
  • Eva Maria Jacobsen - , Ulm University (Author)
  • Julia Zinngrebe - , Ulm University (Author)
  • Sarah Peters - , Ulm University (Author)
  • Cosima Drewes - , Ulm University (Author)
  • Reiner Siebert - , German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ) - Partner Site Ulm, Ulm University (Author)
  • Eva Maria Rump - , Ulm University Medical Center (Author)
  • Marita Führer - , Ulm University Medical Center (Author)
  • Myriam Lorenz - , Ulm University (Author)
  • Ulrich Pannicke - , Ulm University (Author)
  • Uwe Kölsch - , Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Author)
  • Klaus Michael Debatin - , Ulm University, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ) - Partner Site Ulm (Author)
  • Horst von Bernuth - , Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ) - Partner Site Berlin (Author)
  • Klaus Schwarz - , German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ) - Partner Site Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University (Author)
  • Kerstin Felgentreff - , Ulm University, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ) - Partner Site Ulm (Author)

Abstract

Purpose: Genetic hypomorphic defects in X chromosomal IKBKG coding for the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) lead to ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency in males and the skin disorder incontinentia pigmenti (IP) in females, respectively. NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) Δ-exon 5-autoinflammatory syndrome (NEMO-NDAS) is a systemic autoinflammatory disease caused by alternative splicing and increased proportion of NEMO-Δex5. We investigated a female carrier presenting with IP and NEMO-NDAS due to non-skewed X-inactivation. Methods: IKBKG transcripts were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from the patient, her mother, and healthy controls using RT-PCR and nanopore sequencing. Corresponding proteins were analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry. Besides toll-like receptor (TLR) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, the interferon signature, cytokine production and X-inactivation status were investigated. Results: IP and autoinflammation with recurrent fever, oral ulcers, hepatitis, and neutropenia, but no immunodeficiency was observed in a female patient. Besides moderately reduced NEMO signaling function, type I interferonopathy, and elevated IL-18 and CXCL10 were found. She and her mother both carried the heterozygous variant c.613 C > T p.(Gln205*) in exon 5 of IKBKG previously reported in NEMO-deficient patients. However, X-inactivation was skewed in the mother, but not in the patient. Alternative splicing led to increased ratios of NEMO-Dex5 over full-length protein in peripheral blood cell subsets causing autoinflammation. Clinical symptoms partially resolved under treatment with TNF inhibitors. Conclusion: Non-skewed X-inactivation can lead to NEMO-NDAS in females with IP carrying hypomorphic IKBKG variants due to alternative splicing and increased proportions of NEMO-∆ex5.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number1
JournalJournal of clinical immunology
Volume45
Issue number1
Publication statusPublished - 12 Sept 2024
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

PubMed 39264518
ORCID /0009-0003-6519-0482/work/175757941

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Keywords

  • Autoinflammation, Immunodeficiency, Incontinentia pigmenti, NEMO, Non-skewed X-inactivation

Library keywords