Noise Analysis of a 434-MHz Wakeup Receiver Analog Frontend Core With − 93-dBm Input Sensitivity and 65-pJ/Bit Efficiency Based on a Switched Injection-Triggered Oscillator With Surface Acoustic Wave Resonator

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Abstract

The noise theory and measurement results of an ultralow-power receiver analog frontend core based on an switched injection-triggered oscillator (SITO) integrated in GlobalFoundries 22 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) technology are presented. Both an analytical time-domain description and a frequency-domain noise analysis for the SITO are derived. Using these, the influence of noise on the ramp-up behavior of the SITO is analyzed using a Monte Carlo simulation to predict the input sensitivity. The simulation runtime was reduced by a factor of 2400 compared with circuit simulations. An analog SITO receiver frontend with a Hartley oscillator powered from 0.5 V is designed and implemented. It achieves an input sensitivity of $-$ 93 dBm (measured, without coding) and a dc energy consumption per bit of 65 pJ/bit (measured), which improves the energy efficiency of state-of-the-art analog receiver frontends by a factor of 4.3. The measured 3 dB input filtering bandwidth is 136 kHz. The consumed dc power scales with data rate due to bitwise duty cycling from 2 nW at 10 bps up to 3.9 $\upmu$ W at 32 kbps (all measured), making it a perfect candidate for wakeup receivers. The noise model is validated by comparing the ramp-up time from measurements with the Monte Carlo simulation.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number10745803
Pages (from-to)1-16
Number of pages16
JournalIEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques
VolumePP
Issue number99
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 6 Nov 2024
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

ORCID /0000-0001-6778-7846/work/171551493
ORCID /0000-0002-5439-1401/work/171552395
unpaywall 10.1109/tmtt.2024.3482456
Mendeley e65e4ef0-6b45-3c6e-9eae-382122742ba1

Keywords

Keywords

  • Oscillators, Noise, Receivers, Sensitivity, Surface acoustic waves, Resonant frequency, Filtering, Energy efficiency, Switches, Power demand, Analog frontend, noise, oscillator, surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator, ultralow-power, wakeup receiver