Model‐Based Time‐Modulated Write Algorithm for 1R Analog Memristive Crossbar Arrays
Research output: Contribution to journal › Research article › Contributed › peer-review
Contributors
Abstract
Memristive crossbar arrays are a key technology for analog in-memory computing in AI accelerators and neuromorphic systems. The inherent device nonlinearities are advantageous, suppressing sneak-path currents in selector-less (1R) arrays, enabling 3D back-end-of-line integration, and ensuring read stability against the voltage-time dilemma. However, these same properties, combined with device variability, IR drop, and parasitic effects, severely challenge precise programming. Conventional amplitude-modulated write-verify algorithms are consequently slow, energy-intensive, and limited by write endurance. Here, a time-modulated write algorithm is introduced, specifically designed for analog-switching 1R crossbars. It employs a single programming voltage, varying only the write pulse duration. The algorithm leverages a compact model to estimate an initial optimal write time, which is then refined by a dynamic gain mechanism that rapidly compensates for deviations arising from non-ideal effects. The method's performance is validated through SPICE simulations of a physics-based (Formula presented.) / (Formula presented.) model across various crossbar sizes and V/2, V/3 and floating biasing schemes. The results demonstrate that the time-modulated approach significantly reduces write iterations and total programming time, while simultaneously lowering energy consumption and improving final conductance accuracy. This proposed algorithm enables faster, more energy-efficient weight updates and restoration in memristive neural network accelerators.
Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | e00777 |
| Journal | Advanced electronic materials |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 23 Mar 2026 |
| Peer-reviewed | Yes |
External IDs
| ORCID | /0000-0001-7436-0103/work/209579017 |
|---|---|
| ORCID | /0000-0002-1236-1300/work/209580183 |
| ORCID | /0000-0003-3814-0378/work/209582178 |
| unpaywall | 10.1002/aelm.202500777 |
| Mendeley | 4b7c9274-efdb-3b62-8cb8-f59637623ead |
Keywords
Keywords
- model-based time-modulated write algorithm, SPICE simulation, analog-switching physics-based Nb2O5/Al2O3 model, 1R memristive crossbar array