Existing concrete and reinforced concrete structures feature, as a rule, a relatively low resistance against various types of dynamic loading, such as earthquake, impact or blast. This makes it important to develop effective and feasible solutions for the enhancement of the structural impact resistance, for example, by applying thin layers of strengthening material. In the frame of the Research Training Group GRK 2250 “Mineral-bonded composites for enhanced structural impact safety”, established in 2017 by the German Research Foundation (DFG) at the TU Dresden, design concepts for such strengthening layers are developed and investigated experimentally and numerically. The contribution provides an overview about the goals, structure and multidisciplinary research done by the Research Training Group and presents some representative results on the impact resistance of ductile composites with continuous textile and/or short fiber reinforcement.