Mechanistic and Electrochemical Analysis of Silicon–Carbon Composites as High-Capacity Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Solid-State Batteries

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Contributors

  • Stephanie Mörseburg - , Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (Author)
  • Svea Lilly Margarete Schlag - , TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (Author)
  • Jonas Kunigkeit - , Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry (Author)
  • Felix Hippauf - , Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (Author)
  • Sahin Cangaz - , Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (Author)
  • Susanne Dörfler - , Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (Author)
  • Thomas Abendroth - , Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (Author)
  • Holger Althues - , Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (Author)
  • Eike Brunner - , Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry (Author)
  • Stefan Kaskel - , Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (Author)

Abstract

The combination of both high mechanical stability due to internal volume compensation and high capacities by incorporated silicon renders silicon–carbon (Si–C) void structures attractive anode materials for lithium-ion solid-state batteries (LISSBs). Evaluating the lithiation mechanism of Si–C composite (30 wt% Si, 1473 mAh gSi–C−1) electrodes in half-cells versus lithium using Li6PS5Cl as a solid electrolyte also reveals participation of the carbon matrix. Consequently, the storage of additional capacity in the carbon shell of the Si–C particles [= carbon (over)lithiation] is investigated in full cells versus nickel-rich NCM (n/p < 1) and compared with non-overlithiated Si–C|SE|NMC cells (n/p > 1). The absence of metallic lithium deposition is evidenced by 7Li Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, indicating solely (over)lithiation of the carbon matrix without lithium plating. Finally, the investigation of application-relevant pouch cells (n/p > 1) demonstrates minimal breathing behavior together with high reversibility even at stack pressures as low as 5 MPa.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere70409
JournalBatteries and Supercaps
Volume9
Issue number7
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2026
Peer-reviewedYes

Keywords

Keywords

  • lithium-ion solid-state batteries, nanostructures, NMR spectroscopy, silicon–carbon composites, thiophosphate solid electrolyte