Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can cause a multitude of physical, psychological and social burdens to the patients. These can continue to have an impact on the quality of life of those affected for a long time after the disease and treatment. Objective: The aim of this article is to describe factors which are associated with the quality of life of NSCLC survivors and provide an overview on the necessary components of aftercare and prospects of survivorship care plans for NSCLC survivors. Method: A narrative literature review based on a PubMed search was conducted. Results: Survivors of NSCLC often have persisting symptoms and psychosocial implications from the disease and treatment. Domains of quality of life that are particularly frequently impaired are physical and role functioning. Factors which are associated with quality of life in NSCLC survivors comprise physical symptoms (e.g. dyspnea, fatigue, pain, cough, insomnia), treatment, recurrent disease or secondary malignancies, comorbidities, psychological distress (e.g. anxiety, depression) and sociodemographic factors (e.g. age, gender, living alone). Patient-centered aftercare planning should ensure early access to supportive therapy, palliative interventions, psychosocial support, support for life style changes and regular follow-up examinations. Particular importance is placed on the development and implementation of survivorship care plans aimed at ensuring continuity of care and preventing or alleviating long-term consequences and late effects. Conclusion: Survivors of NSCLC often have a variety of impairments of quality of life. Patient-centered, structured care models can make an important contribution to the long-term maintenance of the quality of life.