Highly ductile concretes reinforced with short fibers (SHCC) are cement bound high performance materials that exhibit strain hardening properties in tension and provide a strain capacity that is more than 300 times greater than that of commonly used concrete. The material concept for SHCC relies on the consideration of the mechanical interactions between the fibers and the matrix through the contact zone. Approximately, 2 volume % of fine polyvinyl alcohol fibers or 1-2-vol% of high density polyethylene fibers are usually added as a disperse reinforcement. Structural components consisting of highly ductile concrete can be used in sections of reinforced concrete structures under high loads in order to ensure high ductility and energy absorption. The use of highly ductile concretes for repair and strengthening of existing buildings also is a promising option.