Exhaustive Catalytic ortho-Alkoxylation of Azobenzenes: Flexible Access to Functionally Diverse Yellow-Light-Responsive Photoswitches

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Adrian Müller-Deku - (Author)
  • Oliver Thorn-Seshold - , Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Author)

Abstract

We develop the first method for catalytic, exhaustive ortho-alkoxylation of azobenzene photoswitches. Alkoxylation is known to improve the photoswitch properties that control azobenzenes' success in chemical biology or materials sciences, e.g., better completeness of both E → Z and Z → E photoisomerizations and >100 nm red shift of photoresponse. Our method enables straightforward late-stage diversification of photoswitches with interesting functional handles. We showcase four applications: using it to rationally tune lipophilicity, prepare isotopic tracers for metabolism studies, install full water solubility without ionic charges, and efficiently access previously difficult mixed-substituent photoswitches. We also identified a previously unexplored mixed-substituent tetra-ortho family, difluoro-dialkoxy-azobenzenes, whose photoresponse can outperform previous gold standard' tetrafluoro-, dichloro-difluoro-, and tetrachloro-azobenzenes in significant ways. We thus expect that both the scaffolds we showcase and the method we develop will impact broadly on photochemistry and photopharmacology.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)16526-16531
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Organic Chemistry
Volume87
Issue number24
Publication statusPublished - 16 Dec 2022
Peer-reviewedYes
Externally publishedYes

External IDs

Scopus 85143736674
Mendeley 3a79d482-f279-3cb6-afd4-9969f5a58c3b

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas