Self-regulation is crucial for learning and achievement in educational and occupational contexts. Educational self-regulation has been conceptualized as a domain-specific, context-bound competence that is open to interventions. Beyond students’ educational self-regulation (ESR), few studies have examined ESR across the lifespan as a basis of competence assessments. We contribute to adult ESR by discussing whether ESR competence applies to intermediate and higher self-regulation levels, as represented by workplace learning and career management. Furthermore, we discuss the interplay of epistemic beliefs and metacomprehension as core processes of ESR. Finally, we outline cornerstones of an assessment strategy for adult ESR.