Edge of Chaos Theory Resolves Smale Paradox
Research output: Contribution to journal › Research article › Contributed › peer-review
Contributors
Abstract
No isolated system may ever support complexity. Emergent phenomena may however appear in an open system, if, as established by the Edge of Chaos theory, some of its constitutive elements feature the capability to amplify infinitesimal fluctuations in energy, provided an external source supplies them with a sufficient amount of DC power, which is known to be a signature for locally-active behaviour. In particular, complex behaviours, including static and dynamic pattern formation, may emerge in arrays of identical diffusively-coupled cells, if and only if the basic unit is poised on a particular sub-domain of the Local Activity regime, referred to as Edge of Chaos, within which a quiet state hides in fact a high degree of excitability. Here we show, for the first time, that these counterintuitive phenomena may emerge in a basic memristor cellular neural network, consisting of two identical diffusively-coupled second-order cells. The proposed bio-inspired array represents the simplest ever-reported open system, which reproduces the shocking phenomenon, reported by Smale in 1974, when, while studying a model from cellular biology, he observed two identical reaction cells, “mathematically dead” on their own, pulsating together upon diffusive coupling. Impressively, the bio-inspired two-cell reaction-diffusion network contains only nine circuit elements, specifically two DC voltage sources, three linear resistors, two linear capacitors, and two functional niobium oxide (NbO) memristors from NaMLab. Applying the theory of Local Activity to an accurate model of the memristor oscillator, a comprehensive picture for its local and global dynamics may be drawn, providing a systematic method to tune the design parameters of the two-cell array to enable diffusion-driven instabilities therein.
Details
Original language | English |
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Article number | 3 |
Pages (from-to) | 1252-1265 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems : a publication of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. 1, Regular Papers |
Volume | 69 |
Issue number | 3 |
Publication status | Published - 21 Jan 2022 |
Peer-reviewed | Yes |
External IDs
unpaywall | 10.1109/tcsi.2021.3133627 |
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dblp | journals/tcasI/AscoliDTC22 |
Mendeley | 53d3a9bd-9e84-339d-a8d2-b069fb65afaf |
WOS | 000750397200001 |
ORCID | /0000-0002-1236-1300/work/142239534 |
Scopus | 85123363184 |
Keywords
DFG Classification of Subject Areas according to Review Boards
ASJC Scopus subject areas
Keywords
- Complexity theory, Couplings, Edge of Chaos principle, Edge of Chaos principle., Electromagnetic field, Integrated circuit modeling, Magnetic levitation, Mathematical models, Memristors, NaMLab niobium oxide (NbO) memristor, Numerical simulation, Oscillators, Pattern formation, Prigogine symmetry-breaking, Smale paradox, Superconducting materials, bio-inspired memristor oscillator, cellular nonlinear, cellular nonlinear/neural/nanoscale network, destabilization of the homogeneous, emergent phenomena, nanoscale network, neural, pattern formation, theory of Local Activity, turing instability, two-cell reaction-diffusion system