Atomic Layer Deposition of Molybdenum and Tungsten Oxide Thin Films Using Heteroleptic Imido-Amidinato Precursors: Process Development, Film Characterization, and Gas Sensing Properties

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Miika Mattinen - , University of Helsinki (Author)
  • Jan Lucas Wree - , Ruhr University Bochum (Author)
  • Niklas Stegmann - , Ruhr University Bochum (Author)
  • Engin Ciftyurek - , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (Author)
  • Mhamed El Achhab - , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (Author)
  • Peter J. King - , University of Helsinki (Author)
  • Kenichiro Mizohata - , University of Helsinki (Author)
  • Jyrki Räisänen - , University of Helsinki (Author)
  • Klaus D. Schierbaum - , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (Author)
  • Anjana Devi - , Ruhr University Bochum (Author)
  • Mikko Ritala - , University of Helsinki (Author)
  • Markku Leskelä - , University of Helsinki (Author)

Abstract

Heteroleptic bis(tert-butylimido)bis(N,N′-diisopropylacetamidinato) compounds of molybdenum and tungsten are introduced as precursors for atomic layer deposition of tungsten and molybdenum oxide thin films using ozone as the oxygen source. Both precursors have similar thermal properties but exhibit different growth behaviors. With the molybdenum precursor, high growth rates up to 2 Å/cycle at 300 °C and extremely uniform films are obtained, although the surface reactions are not completely saturative. The corresponding tungsten precursor enables saturative film growth with a lower growth rate of 0.45 Å/cycle at 300 °C. Highly pure films of both metal oxides are deposited, and their phase as well as stoichiometry can be tuned by changing the deposition conditions. The WOx films crystallize as γ-WO3 at 300 °C and above, whereas the films deposited at lower temperatures are amorphous. Molybdenum oxide can be deposited as either amorphous (≤250 °C), crystalline suboxide (275 °C), a mixture of suboxide and α-MoO3 (300 °C), or pure α-MoO3 (≥325 °C) films. MoOx films are further characterized by synchrotron photoemission spectroscopy and temperature-dependent resistivity measurements. A suboxide MoOx film deposited at 275 °C is demonstrated to serve as an efficient hydrogen gas sensor at a low operating temperature of 120 °C.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)8690-8701
Number of pages12
JournalChemistry of materials
Volume30
Issue number23
Publication statusPublished - 11 Dec 2018
Peer-reviewedYes
Externally publishedYes