The abrasion resistance of strain-hardening cement-based composite (SHCC) surfaces has been investigated experimentally by different methods. The results obtained are difficult to compare. Using the Aggregate Wear Index (AWI), commonly used for measuring abrasion resistance in the USA, it can be demonstrated that SHCC may have sufficient abrasion resistance to cope with heavy road traffic. Experiments conducted with the Böhme grinding wheel revealed a relationship between abrasion resistance and the tensile strength of the material. The friction coefficient of SHCC surfaces was also measured. After appropriate surface texturing, the friction coefficient may be sufficient for roads that are subjected to heavy traffic.