Why Does Propositional Quantification Make Modal and Temporal Logics on Trees Robustly Hard?

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Contributors

Abstract

Adding propositional quantification to the modal logics K, T or S4 is known to lead to undecidability but CTL with propositional quantification under the tree semantics (QCTL t) admits a non-elementary Tower-complete satisfiability problem. We investigate the complexity of strict fragments of QCTL t as well as of the modal logic K with propositional quantification under the tree semantics. More specifically, we show that QCTL t restricted to the temporal operator EX is already Tower-hard, which is unexpected as EX can only enforce local properties. When QCTL t restricted to EX is interpreted on N-bounded trees for some N ≥ 2, we prove that the satisfiability problem is AExp pol-complete; AExp polhardness is established by reduction from a recently introduced tiling problem, instrumental for studying the model-checking problem for interval temporal logics. As consequences of our proof method, we prove Tower-hardness of QCTL t restricted to EF or to EXEF and of the well-known modal logics such as K, KD, GL, K4 and S4 with propositional quantification under a semantics based on classes of trees.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5:1–5:46
JournalLogical methods in computer science
Volume18
Issue number3
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jul 2022
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

Scopus 85135163248

Keywords