Wasserrelevanz bei der Herstellung und dem Einsatz von technischen Nanoobjekten (engl.: Water relevance in the manufacture and use of technical nano-objects)
Research output: Types of thesis › Bachelor thesis
Contributors
Abstract
Die Nanotechnologie kommt bereits in vielen Branchen zum Einsatz. Durch die herausragenden Eigenschaften von Nanoobjekten lassen sich Produkten vielfältige neue Eigenschaften verleihen. Die Datenlage zu weltweiten Herstellungsmengen ist unzureichend, sodass eine Abschätzung der Expositionen in die Umwelt schwierig ist. Durch Marktanalysen lassen sich jedoch die am häufigsten Eingesetzten Nanomaterialien ermitteln. Diese sind Siliziumdioxid, Titandioxid, Silber, Zinkoxid und Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen. Bei der Herstellung von Nanoobjekten werden zwei Konzepte unterschieden. Top-Down Ansätze, welche durch physikalische Bearbeitungsmethoden geprägt sind und Bottom-Up Ansätze, die durch chemische Herangehensweise gekennzeichnet sind. Die Verfahrenstechniken zur Herstellung und Einsatz lassen sich auf unterschiedliche Materialien übertragen und bieten somit ein breites Spektrum an Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Wie auch in vielen anderen verfahrenstechnischen Bereichen, spielt bei der Nanotechnologie Wasser eine wichtige Rolle bei Herstellung und Einsatz der Partikel und Beschichtungen. Die Wasserrelevanz ist dabei jedoch stark von dem jeweiligen Produktionsverfahren abhängig. Vor allem bei Top-Down Verfahren, wie Gasphasensynthese und –Abscheidung, sowie Sol-Gel-Verfahren wird Prozesswasser als Lösungsmittel, Wasch- und Spülflüssigkeit, sowie zur Prozesssteuerung eingesetzt. Eine hinreichende Charakterisierung der aus dem Produktionsprozess anfallenden Abwässer hinsichtlich Menge und Inhaltsstoffe ist jedoch nur mit genauer Kenntnis der Verfahrenstechniken möglich und stark von den eingesetzten Ausgangsstoffen abhängig.
Nanotechnology is already being used in many industries. Due to the outstanding properties of nano-objects, products can be given a variety of new properties. There is insufficient data on global production volumes, making it difficult to estimate exposure to the environment. However, the most frequently used nanomaterials can be determined through market analyses. These are silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, silver, zinc oxide and carbon nanoparticles. Two concepts are distinguished in the production of nano-objects. Top-down approaches, which are characterized by physical processing methods and bottom-up approaches, which are characterized by chemical approaches. The processing techniques for production and use can be transferred to different materials and thus offer a wide range of possible uses. As in many other process engineering areas, water plays an important role in the production and use of particles and coatings in nanotechnology. However, the water relevance is strongly dependent on the respective production process. Especially in top-down processes, such as gas phase synthesis and separation, as well as sol-gel processes, process water is used as a solvent, washing and rinsing liquid and for process control. However, an adequate characterization of the waste water arising from the production process in terms of quantity and ingredients is only possible with precise knowledge of the process engineering and is heavily dependent on the starting materials used.
Nanotechnology is already being used in many industries. Due to the outstanding properties of nano-objects, products can be given a variety of new properties. There is insufficient data on global production volumes, making it difficult to estimate exposure to the environment. However, the most frequently used nanomaterials can be determined through market analyses. These are silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, silver, zinc oxide and carbon nanoparticles. Two concepts are distinguished in the production of nano-objects. Top-down approaches, which are characterized by physical processing methods and bottom-up approaches, which are characterized by chemical approaches. The processing techniques for production and use can be transferred to different materials and thus offer a wide range of possible uses. As in many other process engineering areas, water plays an important role in the production and use of particles and coatings in nanotechnology. However, the water relevance is strongly dependent on the respective production process. Especially in top-down processes, such as gas phase synthesis and separation, as well as sol-gel processes, process water is used as a solvent, washing and rinsing liquid and for process control. However, an adequate characterization of the waste water arising from the production process in terms of quantity and ingredients is only possible with precise knowledge of the process engineering and is heavily dependent on the starting materials used.
Details
Original language | German |
---|---|
Qualification level | Bachelor of Science |
Awarding Institution | |
Supervisors/Advisors |
|
Defense Date (Date of certificate) | 17 Nov 2015 |
Publication status | Published - 2015 |
Keywords
Research priority areas of TU Dresden
DFG Classification of Subject Areas according to Review Boards
Subject groups, research areas, subject areas according to Destatis
Sustainable Development Goals
Keywords
- Nanotechnologie, Nanopartikel, Gasphasensynthese, Gasphasenabscheidung, Sol-Gel-Verfahren, Gaswäsche, Abscheideverfahren, Aerosilverfahren, Titandioxid, Siliziumdioxid, Zinkoxid, Silber-Nanopartikel, Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen, Nano-Textilien