Visualizing the Vertical Energetic Landscape in Organic Photovoltaics

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Vincent Lami - , Heidelberg University  (Author)
  • Andreas Weu - , Heidelberg University  (Author)
  • Jiangbin Zhang - , University of Cambridge (Author)
  • Yongsheng Chen - , Nankai University (Author)
  • Zhuping Fei - , Imperial College London (Author)
  • Martin Heeney - , Imperial College London (Author)
  • Richard H. Friend - , University of Cambridge (Author)
  • Yana Vaynzof - , Heidelberg University  (Author)

Abstract

Energy level diagrams in organic electronic devices play a crucial role in device performance and interpretation of device physics. In the case of organic solar cells, it has become routine to estimate the photovoltaic gap of the donor-acceptor blend using the energy values measured on the individual blend components, resulting in a poor agreement with the corresponding open-circuit voltage of the device. To address this issue, we developed a method that allows a direct visualization of the vertical energetic landscape in the blend, obtained by combining ultra-violet photoemission spectroscopy and argon cluster etching. We investigate both model and high-performance photovoltaic systems and demonstrate that the resulting photovoltaic gaps are in close agreement with the measured charge transfer (CT) energies and open-circuit voltages. Furthermore, we show that this method allows us to study the evolution of the energetic landscape upon environmental degradation, critically important for understanding degradation mechanisms and development of mitigation strategies.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2513-2534
Number of pages22
JournalJoule
Volume3
Issue number10
Publication statusPublished - 16 Oct 2019
Peer-reviewedYes
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Keywords

  • argon cluster etching, energetic alignment, energetic depth profile, organic photovoltaics, photovoltaic gap, ultra-violet photoemission spectroscopy

Library keywords