Updated Prostate Cancer Risk Groups by Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PPP2): Results from an International Multicentre Registry Study
Research output: Contribution to journal › Research article › Contributed › peer-review
Contributors
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- University of Münster
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
- Medical University of Vienna
- WSB University
- University of Genoa
- IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital
- Augsburg University
- University Medical Center Freiburg
- KU Leuven
- Johns Hopkins Medicine
- University of California at Los Angeles
- University of Melbourne
- Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre
- University of California at San Francisco
- Ulm University
- St. Antonius Hospital
- Utrecht University
- University of Bologna
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna
- Lund University
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
- Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF)
- Technical University of Munich
Abstract
Background and objective: We established prognostic nomograms incorporating prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) parameters standardised by Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PROMISE; PPP1). Here, we develop an updated PPP2 risk score from a large international multicentre registry study. Methods: We included 6128 prostate cancer patients who underwent PSMA-PET at 20 hospitals in Europe, USA, and Australia between 2013 and 2022. Investigator sites were split 2:1 into the development (4044 patients) and validation (2084 patients) cohorts. We created nomograms of version 2 (PPP2) based on Cox regression models with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty for overall survival (development cohort). Performance of both nomograms was measured using Harrell's C-index and calibration plots and a head-to-head comparison with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk score by receiver operating characteristic curves (validation cohort). Key findings and limitations: Predictors were distant metastases (extrapelvic nodal metastases [M1a], bone metastases [M1b], and visceral metastases [M1c]), PSMA expression score, and total lesion count (visual PPP2) or total tumour volume (quantitative PPP2). C-indices (95% confidence interval) in the validation cohort were 0.80 (0.78–0.82; visual) and 0.80 (0.79–0.82; quantitative), respectively. Accuracy of both the PPP2 nomograms was superior to the NCCN risk score (n = 1034, area under the curve 0.84 vs 0.76; p < 0.001). The retrospective design represents a limitation of the study. Conclusions and clinical implications: PPP nomograms were improved in an international multicentre study to predict accurately the 3- and 5-yr overall survival probabilities of prostate cancer. PPP2 yielded superior accuracy to the NCCN risk score. A free software tool has been created for PROMISE and PPP2 assessments (promise-pet.org).
Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 484-495 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | European urology |
| Volume | 88 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| Publication status | Published - Nov 2025 |
| Peer-reviewed | Yes |
External IDs
| PubMed | 40555569 |
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Keywords
Sustainable Development Goals
ASJC Scopus subject areas
Keywords
- Overall survival, Prognosis, Prostate cancer, Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation nomogram, Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography