Universality of the Triangular Theory of Love: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Triangular Love Scale in 25 Countries

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Piotr Sorokowski - , University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Agnieszka Sorokowska - , University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Maciej Karwowski - , University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Agata Groyecka - , University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Toivo Aavik - , University of Tartu (Author)
  • Grace Akello - , Gulu University (Author)
  • Charlotte Alm - , Stockholm University (Author)
  • Naumana Amjad - , University of the Punjab (Author)
  • Afifa Anjum - , University of the Punjab (Author)
  • Kelly Asao - , Westminster College, New Wilmington (Author)
  • Chiemezie S Atama - , American University of Nigeria (Author)
  • Derya Atamtürk Duyar - , Altinbas University (Author)
  • Richard Ayebare - , THETA Uganda (Author)
  • Carlota Batres - , Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster (Author)
  • Mons Bendixen - , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Author)
  • Aicha Bensafia - , University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda (Author)
  • Boris Bizumic - , Australian National University (Author)
  • Mahmoud Boussena - , University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda (Author)
  • David M Buss - , University of Texas at Austin (Author)
  • Marina Butovskaya - , Russian Academy of Sciences (Author)
  • Seda Can - , Ankara University (Author)
  • Katarzyna Cantarero - , SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities (Author)
  • Antonin Carrier - , Université catholique de Louvain (Author)
  • Hakan Çetinkaya - , Ankara University (Author)
  • Dominika Chabin - , University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Daniel Conroy-Beam - , University of California at Santa Barbara (Author)
  • Ilona Croy - , Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden (Author)
  • Rosa María Cueto - , Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Author)
  • Marcin Czub - , University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Daria Dronova - , Russian Academy of Sciences (Author)
  • Seda Dural - , Ankara University (Author)
  • Izzet Duyar - , Altinbas University (Author)
  • Berna Ertugrul - , Cumhuriyet University (Author)
  • Agustín Espinosa - , Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Author)
  • Ignacio Estevan - , Universidad de la República (Author)
  • Carla Sofia Esteves - , ISCTE - University Institute of Lisbon (Author)
  • Tomasz Frackowiak - , University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Jorge Contreras Graduño - , Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (Author)
  • Farida Guemaz - , Mohamed Lamine Dabbaghine University of Setif 2 (Author)
  • Tran Ha Thu - , Vietnam National University, Hanoi (Author)
  • Mária Haľamová - , Constantine the Philosopher University (Author)
  • Iskra Herak - , Université catholique de Louvain (Author)
  • Marina Horvat - , University of Maribor (Author)
  • Ivana Hromatko - , University of Zagreb (Author)
  • Chin-Ming Hui - , Chinese University of Hong Kong (Author)
  • Jas Laile Jaafar - , University of Malaya (Author)
  • Feng Jiang - , Huaqiao University (Author)
  • Konstantinos Kafetsios - , Palacký University Olomouc (Author)
  • Tina Kavcic - , University of Primorska (Author)
  • Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair - , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Author)
  • Nicolas Kervyn - , Université catholique de Louvain (Author)
  • Nils C Köbis - , University of Amsterdam (Author)
  • Aleksandra Kostic - , University of Nis (Author)
  • Anna Krasnodębska - , Opole University of Technology (Author)
  • András Láng - , University of Pecs (Author)
  • Georgina R Lennard - , Australian National University (Author)
  • Ernesto León - , Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Author)
  • Torun Lindholm - , Stockholm University (Author)
  • Gulia Lopez - , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (Author)
  • Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba - , Middle East University (Author)
  • Alvaro Mailhos - , Universidad de la República (Author)
  • Zoi Manesi - , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) (Author)
  • Rocio Martinez - , Universidad de Monterrey (Author)
  • Mario Sainz Martinez - , Universidad de Monterrey (Author)
  • Sarah L McKerchar - , Australian National University (Author)
  • Norbert Meskó - , University of Pecs (Author)
  • Girishwar Misra - , University of Delhi (Author)
  • Conal Monaghan - , Australian National University (Author)
  • Emanuel C Mora - , University of Havana (Author)
  • Alba Moya-Garófano - , Universidad de Monterrey (Author)
  • Bojan Musil - , University of Maribor (Author)
  • Jean Carlos Natividade - , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (Author)
  • George Nizharadze - , Free University of Tbilisi (Author)
  • Elisabeth Oberzaucher - , University Hospital Vienna (Author)
  • Anna Oleszkiewicz - , Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Mohd Sofian Omar Fauzee - , Universiti Utara Malaysia (Author)
  • Ike E Onyishi - , American University of Nigeria (Author)
  • Baris Özener - , Altinbas University (Author)
  • Ariela Francesca Pagani - , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (Author)
  • Vilmante Pakalniskiene - , Vilnius University (Author)
  • Miriam Parise - , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (Author)
  • Bogusław Pawłowski - , University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Farid Pazhoohi - , University of British Columbia (Author)
  • Marija Pejičić - , University of Nis (Author)
  • Annette Pisanski - , University of Havana (Author)
  • Katarzyna Pisanski - , University of Wrocław (Author)
  • Nejc Plohl - , University of Maribor (Author)
  • Edna Ponciano - , Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Author)
  • Camelia Popa - , UNATC-CINETIc Bucharest (Author)
  • Pavol Prokop - , Comenius University, Slovak Academy of Sciences (Author)
  • Aneta Przepiórka - , John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (Author)
  • Truong Quang Lam - , Vietnam National University, Hanoi (Author)
  • Muhammad Rizwan - , The Delve Pvt Ltd. (Author)
  • Joanna Różycka-Tran - , University of Gdańsk (Author)
  • Svjetlana Salkičević - , University of Zagreb (Author)
  • Ruta Sargautyte - , Vilnius University (Author)
  • Ivan Sarmany-Schuller - , Center of Social and Psychological Sciences SAS. (Author)
  • Susanne Schmehl - , University Hospital Vienna (Author)
  • Anam Shahid - , University of the Punjab (Author)
  • Rizwana Shaikh - , Aga Khan University Hospital (Author)
  • Shivantika Sharad - , University of Delhi (Author)
  • Franco Simonetti - , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Author)
  • Meri Tadinac - , University of Zagreb (Author)
  • Truong Thi Khanh Ha - , Vietnam National University, Hanoi (Author)
  • Karina Ugalde González - , Latin American University of Science and Technology (ULACIT) (Author)
  • Christin-Melanie Vauclair - , ISCTE - University Institute of Lisbon (Author)
  • Luis Diego Vega - , Latin American University of Science and Technology (ULACIT) (Author)
  • Dwi Ajeng Widarini - , University of Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama) (Author)
  • Bogdan Wojciszke - , Vietnam National University, Hanoi (Author)
  • Gyesook Yoo - , Kyung Hee University (Author)
  • Zainab Fotowwat Zadeh - , Bahria University (Author)
  • Marta Zaťková - , Constantine the Philosopher University (Author)
  • Maja Zupančič - , University of Ljubljana (Author)
  • Robert J Sternberg - , Cornell University (Author)

Abstract

The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale - STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural study with the use of this scale. In total, we examined more than 11,000 respondents, but as a result of applied exclusion criteria, the final analyses were based on a sample of 7332 participants from 25 countries (from all inhabited continents). We tested configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance, all of which confirmed the cultural universality of the theoretical construct of love analyzed in our study. We also observed that levels of love components differ depending on relationship duration, following the dynamics suggested in the Triangular Theory of Love. Supplementary files with all our data, including results on love intensity across different countries along with STLS versions adapted in a few dozen languages, will further enable more extensive research on the Triangular Theory of Love.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)106-115
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of Sex Research
Volume58
Issue number1
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2021
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

Scopus 85095121657

Keywords

Keywords

  • Cross-Cultural Comparison, Empirical Research, Humans, Love, Psychometrics