Überprüfung und Optimierung der biologischen Abwasserbehandlungsanlge einer Kartonagenfabrik (engl.: Review and optimisation of the biological waste water treatment plant of a cardboard box factory)
Research output: Types of thesis › Master thesis
Contributors
Abstract
Für die Herstellung von Papier- und Kartonagenerzeugnissen ist seit jeher ein energieinten-siver Prozess nötig, damit aus Zellulosefasern je nach Verwendungszweck die entsprechen-de Papier- bzw. Kartonqualität erreicht wird. Aus Gründen der Ressourcenschonung findet vor allem Altpapier als Ausgangsrohstoff Verwendung. Da die Zellulosefasern sich aber im Laufe der Zeit und diverser Wiederverwertungen abnutzen, ist es notwendig in den Aufbe-reitungsprozess auch neue Zellulosefasern beizumischen, damit eine homogene und belast-bare Oberflächenstruktur entsteht. Durch die Verwendung von Altpapieren gelangen in den Herstellungsprozess die unterschiedlichsten Papiersorten und somit auch unterschiedliche Papierzusammensetzungen. Allein weißer Karton enthält große Mengen an Stärke, die für die weiße Färbung sorgt, und Leim, der diese weiße Deckschicht mit den darunterliegenden grauen Pappschichten verklebt. Sowohl Stärke als auch Leim sind CSB-Lieferanten. Diese große Zufuhr an CSB (chemische Sauerstoffbedarf) in den Produktionsprozess sorgt am Ende bei der Wasseraufbereitung für Probleme bei der Behandlung des Abwassers. Dieses Abwasser ist überwiegend mit CSB und BSB (biologischer Sauerstoffbedarf) belastet, die in schwankender Konzentration zur Abwasserbehandlung gelangen. Dadurch ergeben sich für die Biologie der Kläranlage keine konstanten Bedingungen, sondern es treten Lastspitzen durch hohe Zulaufkonzentrationen auf, die von der Kläranlage abgefangen werden müssen. Dies gelingt nicht immer, wodurch es zum Kippen der Biologie kommen kann und dadurch die gesamte Abwasserbehandlung in Stocken gerät. Anhand der Kläranlage der Schumacher Packaging in Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb. soll dieser kritische Betriebszustand untersucht und geeignete Optimierungsmaßnahmen erarbeitet werden. Neben der Änderung der Belüftung in der Biologie und dem Umbau der Hochlast zu einem Aerobselektor, ist vor allem der Bau eines Konzentrationsausgleichbeckens notwendig, um auftretende Lastspitzen des CSB zu homogenisieren und somit den Betrieb der Kläranlage zu vergleichmäßigen.
The manufacture of paper and cardboard products has always required an energy-intensive process in order to achieve the appropriate paper or cardboard quality from cellulose fibres, depending on the intended use. For reasons of resource conservation, mainly waste paper is used as a raw material. However, since the cellulose fibres wear out in the course of time and various recycling processes, it is also necessary to add new cellulose fibres to the pulping process so that a homogeneous and resilient surface structure is created. Through the use of waste paper, a wide variety of paper types and thus also different paper compositions enter the manufacturing process. White cardboard alone contains large amounts of starch, which provides the white colouring, and glue, which bonds this white top layer to the underlying grey cardboard layers. Both starch and glue are suppliers of COD. This large supply of COD (chemical oxygen demand) into the production process causes problems in the treatment of the waste water at the end. This wastewater is predominantly contaminated with COD and BOD (biological oxygen demand), which reach the wastewater treatment in fluctuating concentrations. This does not result in constant conditions for the biology of the wastewater treatment plant, but rather load peaks occur due to high influent concentrations, which must be absorbed by the wastewater treatment plant. This is not always successful, which can cause the biology to tip over and the entire wastewater treatment process to come to a standstill. Using the Schumacher Packaging wastewater treatment plant in Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb. as an example, this critical operating condition is to be investigated and suitable optimisation measures developed. In addition to changing the aeration in the biology and converting the high load to an aerobic selector, the construction of a concentration balancing basin is particularly necessary in order to homogenise CSB load peaks that occur and thus even out the operation of the wastewater treatment plant.
The manufacture of paper and cardboard products has always required an energy-intensive process in order to achieve the appropriate paper or cardboard quality from cellulose fibres, depending on the intended use. For reasons of resource conservation, mainly waste paper is used as a raw material. However, since the cellulose fibres wear out in the course of time and various recycling processes, it is also necessary to add new cellulose fibres to the pulping process so that a homogeneous and resilient surface structure is created. Through the use of waste paper, a wide variety of paper types and thus also different paper compositions enter the manufacturing process. White cardboard alone contains large amounts of starch, which provides the white colouring, and glue, which bonds this white top layer to the underlying grey cardboard layers. Both starch and glue are suppliers of COD. This large supply of COD (chemical oxygen demand) into the production process causes problems in the treatment of the waste water at the end. This wastewater is predominantly contaminated with COD and BOD (biological oxygen demand), which reach the wastewater treatment in fluctuating concentrations. This does not result in constant conditions for the biology of the wastewater treatment plant, but rather load peaks occur due to high influent concentrations, which must be absorbed by the wastewater treatment plant. This is not always successful, which can cause the biology to tip over and the entire wastewater treatment process to come to a standstill. Using the Schumacher Packaging wastewater treatment plant in Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb. as an example, this critical operating condition is to be investigated and suitable optimisation measures developed. In addition to changing the aeration in the biology and converting the high load to an aerobic selector, the construction of a concentration balancing basin is particularly necessary in order to homogenise CSB load peaks that occur and thus even out the operation of the wastewater treatment plant.
Details
Original language | German |
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Qualification level | Master of Science |
Awarding Institution | |
Supervisors/Advisors |
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Defense Date (Date of certificate) | 28 Apr 2015 |
Publication status | Published - 2015 |
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Keywords
Research priority areas of TU Dresden
DFG Classification of Subject Areas according to Review Boards
Subject groups, research areas, subject areas according to Destatis
Sustainable Development Goals
Keywords
- Papierindustrie, Altpapieraufbereitung, Abwasserbehandlung, Respiration, Abwasserparameterbestimmung, Hochlastbiologie