Transparent Forwarders: An Unnoticed Component of the Open DNS Infrastructure
Research output: Contribution to book/Conference proceedings/Anthology/Report › Conference contribution › Contributed › peer-review
Contributors
Abstract
In this paper, we revisit the open DNS (ODNS) infrastructure and, for the first time, systematically measure and analyze transparent forwarders, DNS components that transparently relay between stub resolvers and recursive resolvers. Our key findings include four takeaways. First, transparent forwarders contribute 26% (563k) to the current ODNS infrastructure. Unfortunately, common periodic scanning campaigns such as Shadowserver do not capture transparent forwarders and thus underestimate the current threat potential of the ODNS. Second, we find an increased deployment of transparent forwarders in Asia and South America. In India alone, the ODNS consists of 80% transparent forwarders. Third, many transparent forwarders relay to a few selected public resolvers such as Google and Cloudflare, which confirms a consolidation trend of DNS stakeholders. Finally, we introduce DNSRoute++, a new traceroute approach to understand the network infrastructure connecting transparent forwarders and resolvers.
Details
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | CoNEXT 2021 - Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies |
Publisher | Association for Computing Machinery, Inc |
Pages | 454-462 |
Number of pages | 9 |
ISBN (electronic) | 9781450390989 |
Publication status | Published - 2 Dec 2021 |
Peer-reviewed | Yes |
Publication series
Series | CoNEXT: International Conference On Emerging Networking Experiments And Technologies |
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Conference
Title | ACM 17th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies |
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Abbreviated title | CoNEXT 2021 |
Conference number | 17 |
Duration | 7 - 10 December 2021 |
Website | |
Location | online |
City | München |
Country | Germany |
External IDs
ORCID | /0000-0002-3825-2807/work/142241902 |
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