The SNO+ experiment

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • V. Albanese - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • R. Alves - , Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (Author)
  • M. R. Anderson - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • S. Andringa - , Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (Author)
  • L. Anselmo - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • E. Arushanova - , Queen Mary University of London (Author)
  • S. Asahi - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • M. Askins - , University of California at Davis (Author)
  • D. J. Auty - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • A. R. Back - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • S. Back - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • F. Barão - , University of Lisbon (Author)
  • Z. Barnard - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • A. Barr - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • N. Barros - , TUD Dresden University of Technology (Author)
  • D. Bartlett - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • R. Bayes - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • C. Beaudoin - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • E. W. Beier - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • G. Berardi - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • A. Bialek - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • S. D. Biller - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • E. Blucher - , The University of Chicago (Author)
  • R. Bonventre - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • M. Boulay - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • D. Braid - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • E. Caden - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • E. J. Callaghan - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • J. Caravaca - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • J. Carvalho - , University of Coimbra (Author)
  • L. Cavalli - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • D. Chauhan - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • M. Chen - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • O. Chkvorets - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • K. J. Clark - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • B. Cleveland - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • C. Connors - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • D. Cookman - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • I. T. Coulter - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • M. A. Cox - , Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (Author)
  • D. Cressy - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • X. Dai - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • C. Darrach - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • B. Davis-Purcell - , TRIUMF (Author)
  • C. Deluce - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • M. M. Depatie - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • F. Descamps - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • F. Di Lodovico - , Queen Mary University of London (Author)
  • J. Dittmer - , Chair of Nuclear Physics (Author)
  • A. Doxtator - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • N. Duhaime - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • F. Duncan - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • J. Dunger - , Queen Mary University of London (Author)
  • A. D. Earle - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • D. Fabris - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • E. Falk - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • A. Farrugia - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • N. Fatemighomi - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • C. Felber - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • V. Fischer - , University of California at Davis (Author)
  • E. Fletcher - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • R. Ford - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • K. Frankiewicz - , Boston University (Author)
  • N. Gagnon - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • A. Gaur - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • J. Gauthier - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • A. Gibson-Foster - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • K. Gilje - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • O. I. González-Reina - , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Author)
  • D. Gooding - , Boston University (Author)
  • P. Gorel - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • K. Graham - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • C. Grant - , University of California at Davis (Author)
  • J. Grove - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • S. Grullon - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • E. Guillian - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • S. Hall - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • A. L. Hallin - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • D. Hallman - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • S. Hans - , Brookhaven National Laboratory (Author)
  • J. Hartnell - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • P. Harvey - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • M. Hedayatipour - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • W. J. Heintzelman - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • J. Heise - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • R. L. Helmer - , TRIUMF (Author)
  • B. Hodak - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • M. Hodak - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • M. Hood - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • D. Horne - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • B. Hreljac - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • J. Hu - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • S. M. A. Hussain - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • T. Iida - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • A. S. Inácio - , University of Lisbon (Author)
  • C. M. Jackson - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • N. A. Jelley - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • C. J. Jillings - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • C. Jones - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • P. G. Jones - , Queen Mary University of London (Author)
  • K. Kamdin - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • T. Kaptanoglu - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • J. Kaspar - , University of Washington (Author)
  • K. Keeter - , Idaho State University (Author)
  • C. Kefelian - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • P. Khaghani - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • L. Kippenbrock - , University of Washington (Author)
  • J. R. Klein - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • R. Knapik - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • J. Kofron - , University of Washington (Author)
  • L. L. Kormos - , Lancaster University (Author)
  • S. Korte - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • B. Krar - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • C. Kraus - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • C. B. Krauss - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • T. Kroupová - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • K. Labe - , The University of Chicago (Author)
  • F. Lafleur - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • I. Lam - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • C. Lan - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • B. J. Land - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • R. Lane - , Queen Mary University of London (Author)
  • S. Langrock - , Queen Mary University of London (Author)
  • P. Larochelle - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • S. Larose - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • A. LaTorre - , The University of Chicago (Author)
  • I. Lawson - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • L. Lebanowski - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • G. M. Lefeuvre - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • E. J. Leming - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • A. Li - , Boston University (Author)
  • O. Li - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • J. Lidgard - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • B. Liggins - , Queen Mary University of London (Author)
  • P. Liimatainen - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • Y. H. Lin - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • X. Liu - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • Y. Liu - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • V. Lozza - , Chair of Nuclear Physics, Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, University of Lisbon (Author)
  • M. Luo - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • S. Maguire - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • A. Maio - , University of Lisbon (Author)
  • K. Majumdar - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • S. Manecki - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • J. Maneira - , University of Lisbon (Author)
  • R. D. Martin - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • E. Marzec - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • A. Mastbaum - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • A. Mathewson - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • N. McCauley - , University of Liverpool (UOL) (Author)
  • A. B. McDonald - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • K. McFarlane - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • P. Mekarski - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • M. Meyer - , Chair of Nuclear Physics (Author)
  • C. Miller - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • C. Mills - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • M. Mlejnek - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • E. Mony - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • B. Morissette - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • I. Morton-Blake - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • M. J. Mottram - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • S. Nae - , University of Lisbon (Author)
  • M. Nirkko - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • L. J. Nolan - , Queen Mary University of London (Author)
  • V. M. Novikov - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • H. M. O'Keeffe - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • E. O'Sullivan - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • G. D. Orebi Gann - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • M. J. Parnell - , Lancaster University (Author)
  • J. Paton - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • S. J. M. Peeters - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • T. Pershing - , University of California at Davis (Author)
  • Z. Petriw - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • J. Petzoldt - , Chair of Theoretical Quantum Optics (Author)
  • L. Pickard - , University of California at Davis (Author)
  • D. Pracsovics - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • G. Prior - , Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (Author)
  • J. C. Prouty - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • S. Quirk - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • S. Read - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • A. Reichold - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • S. Riccetto - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • R. Richardson - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • M. Rigan - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • I. Ritchie - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • A. Robertson - , University of Liverpool (UOL) (Author)
  • B. C. Robertson - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • J. Rose - , University of Liverpool (UOL) (Author)
  • R. Rosero - , Brookhaven National Laboratory (Author)
  • P. M. Rost - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • J. Rumleskie - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • M. A. Schumaker - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • M. H. Schwendener - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • D. Scislowski - , University of Washington (Author)
  • J. Secrest - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • M. Seddighin - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • L. Segui - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • S. Seibert - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • I. Semenec - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • F. Shaker - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • T. Shantz - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • M. K. Sharma - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • T. M. Shokair - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • L. Sibley - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • J. R. Sinclair - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • K. Singh - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • P. Skensved - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • M. Smiley - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • T. Sonley - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • A. Sörensen - , Chair of Nuclear Physics (Author)
  • M. St-Amant - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • R. Stainforth - , University of Liverpool (UOL) (Author)
  • S. Stankiewicz - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • M. Strait - , The University of Chicago (Author)
  • M. I. Stringer - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • A. Stripay - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • R. Svoboda - , University of California at Davis (Author)
  • S. Tacchino - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • B. Tam - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • C. Tanguay - , SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada (Author)
  • J. Tatar - , University of Washington (Author)
  • L. Tian - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • N. Tolich - , University of Washington (Author)
  • J. Tseng - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • H. W. C. Tseung - , University of Washington (Author)
  • E. Turner - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • R. Van Berg - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • E. Vázquez-Jáuregui - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • J. G. C. Veinot - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • C. J. Virtue - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • B. von Krosigk - , TUD Dresden University of Technology (Author)
  • J. M. G. Walker - , University of Liverpool (UOL) (Author)
  • M. Walker - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • J. Wallig - , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Author)
  • S. C. Walton - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • J. Wang - , University of Oxford (Author)
  • M. Ward - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • O. Wasalski - , TRIUMF (Author)
  • J. Waterfield - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • J. J. Weigand - , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry (Author)
  • R. F. White - , University of Sussex (Author)
  • J. R. Wilson - , Queen Mary University of London (Author)
  • T. J. Winchester - , University of Washington (Author)
  • P. Woosaree - , Laurentian University (Author)
  • A. Wright - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • J. P. Yanez - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • M. Yeh - , Brookhaven National Laboratory (Author)
  • T. Zhang - , University of California at Davis (Author)
  • Y. Zhang - , University of Alberta (Author)
  • T. Zhao - , Queen's University Kingston (Author)
  • K. Zuber - , Chair of Nuclear Physics, MTA Atomki, Bem tér 18/c, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary (Author)
  • A. Zummo - , University of Pennsylvania (Author)
  • The SNO+ collaboration - (Author)
  • Georgia Southern University
  • University of California at Berkeley
  • King's College London (KCL)
  • Norwich University

Abstract

The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of 130Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for 0νββ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for 0νββ decay is scalable: a future phase with high 130Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article numberP08059
JournalJournal of instrumentation
Volume16
Issue number08
Publication statusPublished - 1 Aug 2021
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

Scopus 85114675167
ORCID /0000-0001-7323-7816/work/142257433

Keywords

Keywords

  • Double-beta decay detectors, Neutrino detectors, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators)

Library keywords