The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American diabetes association (ADA) and the European association for the study of diabetes (EASD)

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Richard I.G. Holt - , University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (Author)
  • J. Hans Devries - , University of Amsterdam, Profil Institute for Metabolic Research (Author)
  • Amy Hess-Fischl - , The University of Chicago (Author)
  • Irl B. Hirsch - , University of Washington (Author)
  • M. Sue Kirkman - , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Author)
  • Tomasz Klupa - , Jagiellonian University in Kraków (Author)
  • Barbara Ludwig - , Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden (Author)
  • Kirsten Nørgaard - , University of Copenhagen, Odense University Hospital (Author)
  • Jeremy Pettus - , University of California at San Diego (Author)
  • Eric Renard - , CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier (Author)
  • Jay S. Skyler - , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (Author)
  • Frank J. Snoek - , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) (Author)
  • Ruth S. Weinstock - , SUNY Upstate Medical University (Author)
  • Anne L. Peters - , Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California (Author)

Abstract

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) convened a writing group to develop a consensus statement on the management of type 1 diabetes in adults. The writing group has considered the rapid development of new treatments and technologies and addressed the following topics: Diagnosis, aims of management, schedule of care, diabetes self-management education and support, glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, behavioral considerations, psychosocial care, diabetic ketoacidosis, pancreas and islet transplantation, adjunctive therapies, special populations, inpatient management, and future perspectives. Although we discuss the schedule for follow-up examinations and testing, we have not included the evaluation and treatment of the chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes as these are well-reviewed and discussed elsewhere. The writing group was aware of both national and international guidance on type 1 diabetes and did not seek to replicate this but rather aimed to highlight the major areas that health care professionals should consider when managing adults with type 1 diabetes. Though evidence-based where possible, the recommendations in the report represent the consensus opinion of the authors.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2589-2625
Number of pages37
JournalDiabetes care
Volume44
Issue number11
Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 2021
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

PubMed 34593612