The Effect of Olfactory Training on Olfaction, Cognition, and Brain Function in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The olfactory system is affected very early in Alzheimer's disease and olfactory loss can already be observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an early stage of AD.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized, prospective, controlled, blinded study was to evaluate whether olfactory training (OT) may have an effect on olfactory function, cognitive impairment, and brain activation in MCI patients after a 4-month period of frequent short-term exposure to various odors.

METHODS: A total of 38 MCI outpatients were randomly assigned to OT or a control training condition, which were performed twice a day for 4 months. Olfactory testing, comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, and a passive odor perception task based on magnetic resonance imaging were performed before and after training.

RESULTS: The results suggested that OT exhibited no significant effect on olfaction and cognitive function. Additionally, OT exhibited a positive effect on frontal lobe activation (left middle frontal gyrus and orbital-frontal cortex) but exhibited no effect on grey matter volume. Moreover, the change of olfactory scores was positively associated with the change of frontal activation.

CONCLUSION: OT was found to have a limited effect on olfaction and cognition in patients with MCI compared to a non-OT condition but increased their functional response to odors in frontal area.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)745-754
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of Alzheimer's Disease
Volume2022
Issue number85(2)
Publication statusPublished - 18 Jan 2022
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

Scopus 85123288924
Mendeley 1e852754-b8ab-3add-a37a-c5ae4339d37b
ORCID /0000-0001-9713-0183/work/146645267
ORCID /0000-0002-2936-5180/work/147674481
ORCID /0000-0003-1311-8000/work/158767512

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals

Keywords

  • Aged, Brain/diagnostic imaging, Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Odorants, Olfaction Disorders/diagnostic imaging, Prospective Studies, Smell/physiology, olfactory training, functional MRI, grey matter, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease

Library keywords