The Effect of Electrostatic Interaction on n-Type Doping Efficiency of Fullerene Derivatives

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Jian Liu - , University of Groningen (Author)
  • Sudeshna Maity - , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) (Author)
  • Nathan Roosloot - , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) (Author)
  • Xinkai Qiu - , University of Groningen (Author)
  • Li Qiu - , University of Groningen, Yunnan University (Author)
  • Ryan C. Chiechi - , University of Groningen (Author)
  • Jan C. Hummelen - , University of Groningen (Author)
  • Elizabeth von Hauff - , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) (Author)
  • L. Jan Anton Koster - , University of Groningen (Author)

Abstract

The molecular doping of organic semiconductors represents a key strategy for advancing organic electronic applications. However, the n-doping of organic materials is usually less efficient than p-doping and strategies toward the design of more efficient n-doping still remain less explored. In this contribution, the impact of electrostatic interaction is explored on the doping efficiency of fullerene derivatives. [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and a [60]fulleropyrrolidine with a more polarizable triethylene glycol type side chain (PTEG-1) are employed for a comparative study. It is found that the doping efficiency of lightly doped PCBM layers is limited to a few percent, while doped PTEG-1 films exhibit very high doping efficiency approaching 100%. The enhanced n-doping of PTEG-1 compared with that of PCBM is further substantiated by Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies. The activation energy for charge generation in doped PTEG-1 is much smaller than that of doped PCBM, which confirms a higher probability for dissociation of charge transfer complexes in the former compared to the latter. The enhanced molecular n-doping for PTEG-1 is attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the charge transfer complex and the polar environment offered by the triethylene glycol diether side chain.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number1800959
JournalAdvanced electronic materials
Volume5
Issue number11
Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 2019
Peer-reviewedYes
Externally publishedYes

External IDs

ORCID /0000-0002-6269-0540/work/172082542

Keywords

Keywords

  • electrical conductivity, fullerene derivatives, n-type doping, solution processing