Terminology Fragmentation of Infrastructure Calibration in Radio-Based Indoor Positioning: A Systematic Review
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › Contributed › peer-review
Contributors
Abstract
Radio-based indoor positioning systems rely on static reference points, such as anchors, access points, or base stations, whose positions must be known accurately. Methods that estimate these positions without manual surveying have been studied under inconsistent terminology across the indoor positioning literature, yet the research community has not converged on a standard name for this operation. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this paper presents a systematic review of cross-technology terminology for autonomous anchor position estimation. The search covers four databases from 2015 to 2025, screening 461 deduplicated records and analyzing 36 included papers. The analysis reveals 20 distinct title-level terms for a single operation, with a 70% singleton rate. Body-level analysis identifies 137 unique variants. Ultra-wideband (UWB) accounts for 31 of 36 papers (86%), while Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and 5G are absent entirely. Of the 36 papers, 17 (47%) provide explicit definitions, all describing the same core estimation task, yet terminology shows no consistent alignment with algorithmic approach. No convergence has occurred: the share of papers using self-calibration declined from 100% (2015–2017) to 22% (2022–2026) as competing terms proliferated. Full-text screening has confirmed a structural namespace collision: 78% of exclusions involved cooperative or collaborative terminology for mobile-based localization. Based on usage frequency, temporal precedence, and cross-technology applicability, this review recommends self-calibration as the canonical process term and anchor as the default entity prefix reflecting the UWB-dominant corpus. Technology-appropriate alternatives (e.g., access-point, beacon) are equally valid.
Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 51603-51619 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | IEEE access |
| Volume | 14 |
| Publication status | Published - 2026 |
| Peer-reviewed | Yes |
External IDs
| Scopus | 105034873193 |
|---|
Keywords
ASJC Scopus subject areas
Keywords
- Auto-positioning, infrastructure, self-localization, self-calibration, PRISMA, terminology analysis, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), systematic review, ultra-wideband (UWB), WiFi