Construction robots aim to automate manual construction processes and to relieve construction workers from physically difficult and monotonous tasks. The field of construction robotics is currently very dynamic, which is reflected in a large number of different systems and prototypes that have been developed in recent years. There are often large differences between the individual robotic systems in terms of economic efficiency, practicality and conformity with applicable standards and laws. The objective of this paper is to identify suitable use cases for the development and deployment of construction robots, to analyze the current state of the art and to clarify the legal framework under which the deployment of highly automated and autonomous systems on construction sites is possible. Based on an analysis and evaluation of industry-specific work processes that are carried out in the construction and expansion of buildings, use cases with a particularly high automation potential are selected. The evaluation of the processes takes into account various aspects, including the complexity of the processes, the potential hazards caused by them and the cost-effectiveness of automation. Furthermore, an overview of technological readiness level as well as the level of automation of current robotic systems is given. Finally, applicable standards, regulations and laws are presented and the conditions under which construction robotics systems can be used on construction sites are explained.