Spatiotemporal Design of the Metal–Organic Framework DUT-8(M)

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Contributors

Abstract

Switchable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) change their structure in time and selectively open their pores adsorbing guest molecules, leading to highly selective separation, pressure amplification, sensing, and actuation applications. The 3D engineering of MOFs has reached a high level of maturity, but spatiotemporal evolution opens a new perspective toward engineering materials in the 4th dimension (time) by t-axis design, in essence exploiting the deliberate tuning of activation barriers. This work demonstrates the first example in which an explicit temporal engineering of a switchable MOF (DUT-8, [M1M2(2,6-ndc)2dabco]n, 2,6-ndc = 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate, dabco = 1,4diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, M1 = Ni, M2 = Co) is presented. The temporal response is deliberately tuned by variations in cobalt content. A spectrum of advanced analytical methods is presented for analyzing the switching kinetics stimulated by vapor adsorption using in situ time-resolved techniques ranging from ensemble adsorption and advanced synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments to individual crystal analysis. A novel analysis technique based on microscopic observation of individual crystals in a microfluidic channel reveals the lowest limit for adsorption switching reported so far. Differences in the spatiotemporal response of crystal ensembles originate from an induction time that varies statistically and widens characteristically with increasing cobalt content reflecting increasing activation barriers.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number2207741
Number of pages10
JournalAdvanced materials
Volume35
Issue number8
Publication statusPublished - 23 Feb 2023
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

PubMed 36349824
WOS 000904757800001
ORCID /0000-0002-8588-9755/work/142246732

Keywords

Keywords

  • metal–organic frameworks, nucleation, porous materials, spatiotemporal engineering, stimuli-responsive materials, Stimuli-responsive materials, Nucleation, Porous materials, Spatiotemporal engineering, Metal-organic frameworks