Optimum position, mobility and stability of the scapula and the surrounding muscles are necessary for balanced scapulothoracic rhythm during arm elevation. In the case of an abnormal movement pattern of the scapula, so-called scapular dyskinesia, various structures of the shoulder (e.g., the long biceps tendon, labrum, and rotator cuff) can be damaged, which subsequently can lead to pain (“kinesiopathological consequence”). On the other hand, certain shoulder pathologies such as an acromioclavicular joint dislocation or rotator cuff tears can cause scapular dyskinesia (“pathokinetic consequence”). Due to the wide variety of causes of scapular dyskinesia, the therapy must be adapted precisely. The aim is to restore the normal position and dynamic stability of the scapula during overhead movements. Options for therapy include the treatment of underlying shoulder injuries as well as physiotherapy exercise programs tailored to the causes and the specific needs of the patient.