Hemocompatible, shaped cellulose phosphate aerogels were obtained from phosphorylated cellulosic pulps of low degree of phosphorylation (DS _P≤0.20) by dissolution in stabilized NMMO×H₂O, shaping, reprecipitation with ethanol and subsequent scCO₂ drying. The novel aerogels were found to be promising materials for cell scaffolding and bone grafting. Special features include their interconnected and spread porosity, highly porous surface and microstructure, good hemocompatibility, and suitable hydroxyl apatite-binding environment. Adsorption of Ca² ions to the phosphate groups did not invert the negative inflammatory response observed after phosphorylating cellulose, but increased platelet-dependent parameters of hemostasis.