Recent advances in wearable electrochemical biosensors towards technological and material aspects

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Mahan Hosseinzadeh Fakhr - , Chair of Inorganic Non-Metallic Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (Author)
  • Ivan Lopez Carrasco - , Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (Author)
  • Dmitry Belyaev - , Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (Author)
  • Jihun Kang - , Yonsei University (Author)
  • Ye Hyeon Shin - , Yonsei University (Author)
  • Jong Souk Yeo - , Yonsei University (Author)
  • Won Gun Koh - , Yonsei University (Author)
  • Jeongwoo Ham - , Yonsei University (Author)
  • Alexander Michaelis - , Chair of Inorganic Non-Metallic Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (Author)
  • Joerg Opitz - , Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (Author)
  • Natalia Beshchasna - , Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (Author)

Abstract

The next generation of wearable biosensors comes with the latest advancements in biosensor technology. Soft and stretchable electrode materials like hydrogels with the similar functionalities of human tissue including stretchability, self-healability, and responsiveness to different stimuli have emerged as the most versatile materials in wearable electronics. The incorporation of conductive nanofillers is found to enhance the sensitivity of the electrochemical biosensors significantly. Microfluidic technology has reduced the volume of samples and reagents required for the analysis, allowing continuous biomedical monitoring from a drop of biofluid. In this paper, the most advanced progress in electrochemical wearable platforms that can noninvasively and continuously monitor the biochemical markers in body fluids for the diagnosis and health management is reviewed. Innovation in microelectronics, modification, fabrication technologies, and detection methods are the main focus of the discussion. In particular, hydrogel-based sensors and microfluidic systems as the latest technology trends in wearable detection are discussed in detail. Integration of miniaturized electrochemical wearable biosensors with wireless technology as a great promise for real-time healthcare monitoring and point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is also summarized. Finally, we outline the most advanced wearable biosensors with optimized material and design as well as key challenges that need to be addressed to improve sensing performance (accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, stability), portability (miniaturized size and light weight), and flexibility of the wearable biosensors.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number100503
JournalBiosensors and Bioelectronics: X
Volume19
Publication statusPublished - Aug 2024
Peer-reviewedYes

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals

Keywords

  • Body fluids, Electrochemical wearable biosensors, Hydrogel-based, Microfluidics, Point-of-care diagnostics, Wireless technology