The imaging diagnostics of osteomyelitis contain a combination of radiological and nuclear medicine procedures. The conventional radiographic image as first choice examination shows structural changes of the bone and also can give information about localization and enlargement of an osseous infection. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is the most sensitive verification procedure. It allows a reliable verification of extent and localization of the bone infection, the proof of satellite foci and soft tissue infections as well as the differential diagnostic distinction from a neoplasia. However, PET/CT scans in the diagnostic workup of osteomyelitis are reserved for special issues due to the high examination costs and the usually limited availability. In cases of negative fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET findings, a chronic osteomyelitis is almost ruled out. In daily practice further diagnostic procedures include besides clinical and laboratory findings imaging by CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If these procedures do not provide verified results, bone scintigraphy can lead to the final diagnosis.