Quantitative Cross-Layer Evaluation of Transient-Fault Injection Techniques for Algorithm Comparison
Research output: Contribution to book/Conference proceedings/Anthology/Report › Conference contribution › Contributed › peer-review
Contributors
Abstract
In the wake of the soft-error problem, fault injection (FI) is a standard methodology to measure fault resilience of programs and to compare algorithm variants. As detailed, e.g. gate-level machine models are often unavailable or too slow to simulate, FI is usually carried out in fast simulators based on abstracted system models, using e.g. ISA-level register injection. However, the literature deems such injection techniques too inaccurate and yielding wrong conclusions about analyzed programs. In this paper, we empirically challenge this assumption by applying gate-, flip-flop-and ISA-level FI techniques on an Arm® Cortex®-M0 processor. Analyzing FI results from 18 benchmark programs, we initially confirm related work by reporting SDC-rate discrepancies of up to an order of magnitude between a gate-level baseline and injection techniques on higher machine-model levels, suggesting gate-level injection should be used e.g. to select a specific sorting algorithm. We discuss why these discrepancies are, however, to be expected, and show that the extrapolated absolute failure-count metric combined with relative inter-benchmark measurements yield a significantly better cross-layer alignment of algorithm-resilience rankings. Our results indicate that ISA-level injection techniques suffice for evaluating and selecting program and algorithm variants on low-end processors.
Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | 2019 15th European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC) |
| Publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) |
| Pages | 15-22 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| ISBN (print) | 978-1-7281-3930-2 |
| Publication status | Published - 20 Sept 2019 |
| Peer-reviewed | Yes |
| Externally published | Yes |
Conference
| Title | 15th European Dependable Computing Conference |
|---|---|
| Abbreviated title | EDCC 2019 |
| Conference number | 15 |
| Duration | 17 - 20 September 2019 |
| City | Naples |
| Country | Italy |
External IDs
| Scopus | 85075640558 |
|---|---|
| ORCID | /0000-0002-1427-9343/work/167216799 |
Keywords
Keywords
- Logic gates, Benchmark testing, Registers, Sorting, Measurement, Runtime, Field programmable gate arrays