Excessive consumption of nicotine and alcohol has been proven to effect the organ system. Both stimulants are consumed in the population to a not insignificant extent. The question therefore arises as to what effect the consumption of nicotine and alcohol has on the complication rates and to what extent this should be reduced or stopped before performing a joint arthroplasty? A literature search was carried out to answer these questions. An increased risk of impaired wound healing and periprosthetic infections with regard to smoking was shown. This was also proven regarding excessive alcohol consumption. Additionally, there is an alcohol related increased risk of bleeding and malnutrition. Accordingly, nicotine and alcohol consumption should be reduced at least 4 weeks before performing total joint arthroplasty.