Pediatric olfactory home testing using regular household items: A cross-over validation study

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Lawrence Jaramillo - , Medical University of Vienna (Author)
  • Andreas van Egmond-Froehlich - , Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital (Author)
  • David T. Liu - , Medical University of Vienna (Author)
  • Bernhard Prem - , Medical University of Vienna (Author)
  • Bertold Renner - , Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (Author)
  • Christian A. Mueller - , Medical University of Vienna (Author)
  • Gerold Besser - , Private Hospital Maria Hilf (Author)

Abstract

Objective: To develop an olfactory test that can be conducted by an untrained person using common household items and to introduce a German version of the Chemosensory Pleasure Scale for Children (CPS–C(de)). Methodology: This olfactory home test was developed in phases including evaluation of odors for suitability in a home setting. Parents of 50 children (ages 6–17) were then equipped with instruction manuals and participants were tested twice in a cross-over design. A validated pediatric olfactory test (the Universal Sniff test (U-Sniff)) served as the comparative gold standard. Additionally, a Chinese-English-German “back-and-forth” translation was conducted to establish the CPS-C(de) and was tested for empirical validity. Results: Fourteen items were tested for feasibility, and all were identified on a sufficient rate (≥66%, mean ± SD of 93.3% ± 9.5%). Bland Altman Plot analysis between home testing and the U-Sniff test was nearly identical (bias = 0.04). CPS-C(de) showed similar results to the original Chinese version and a moderate correlation was found between CPS-C(de) scores and Body Mass Index of children (r30 = −0.527, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Remote olfactory testing in children using household items is feasible. The CPS-C(de) may be of value for future olfactory studies.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number111173
JournalInternational journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology
Volume158
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2022
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

PubMed 35561440
ORCID /0000-0003-0845-6793/work/139025194

Keywords

Keywords

  • Anosmia, Covid-19, Hyposmia, Smell, U-sniff