Ortho-parahydrogen composition: Experimental comparison between Raman spectroscopy and speed of sound measurements
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Contributors
Abstract
This study presents the first direct experimental comparison of a speed-of-sound-based measurement system and two Raman-based systems for determining hydrogen isomer compositions. All three systems were integrated into the same experimental setup and simultaneously tested with hydrogen samples covering a wide range of ortho-para ratios. Two measurement campaigns were conducted: one using temperature-controlled ortho-para conversion, and another using flow-controlled mixing of normal- and parahydrogen. Across both campaigns, all systems demonstrated good agreement with each other and with the theoretically expected sample compositions, thereby validating their suitability for measuring ortho-parahydrogen composition with low uncertainty within defined operational ranges. Each system's specific strengths and limitations are discussed. The results provide a basis for selecting an appropriate method and instrumentation for given applications, as well as theoretical background relevant to data analysis and uncertainty evaluation.
Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 154347 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy |
| Volume | 229 |
| Publication status | Published - 28 Apr 2026 |
| Peer-reviewed | Yes |
External IDs
| Scopus | 105034630662 |
|---|---|
| ORCID | /0000-0003-3031-9138/work/215831842 |