MoOCl₂ is a metallic, layered van der Waals material with a strong in-plane structural anisotropy. The reflectivity of a MoOCl₂ single crystal has been determined in a wide spectral range from the infrared to the visible regime. This reflectivity is extremely anisotropic, reflecting the anisotropic crystal structure and electronic properties of MoOCl₂. Using a Drude–Lorentz fit, we extracted the dielectric function quantitatively for the two in-plane directions of MoOCl₂, and we determined the anisotropic optical effective mass of the conduction electrons. Our data additionally demonstrate the presence of interband excitations in the measured spectral range.