In 2011, the German occupational exposure limit (OEL) for naphthalene was reduced by a factor of 100 to 0.5 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm). In many other countries, including Austria, a limit value of 50 mg/m3 still applies. In order to study the acute and chronic effects of naphthalene at the workplace, the Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA) conducted a cross-sectional study into the effects of naphthalene upon health. The study was undertaken with the support of the Federation of European Producers of Abrasives (FEPA) and the German Social Accident Insurance Institutions for the administrative sector (VBG) and the energy textile electrical and media products sectors (BG ETEM). The Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA) conducted the exposure measurements with the support of the Austrian Workers' Compensation Board (AUVA), the VBG and the BG ETEM.