It is expected that the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical cancer research - which is mostly dominated by the immunohistochemistry (fluorescent, colorimetric readout), tissues and liquid biopsy etc. will undoubtedly come to the implementation of the new channels of information, and new tools to push the development of the precision oncology. In this respect, novel strategies for on-chip integrated nanoelectronic devices have emerged as a new generation of biosensors, employing inorganic and organic nanomaterials. The main element of such biosensors is the semiconductor (e.g. in field effect transistors - FET) or metal (in electrochemical, chemiresistive or impedimetric sensors) transducer, with the radically miniaturized sensing area (down to several nanometers). Merging such nanodevices with biological species, e.g. cells or molecules of similar nanosize, offers a remarkable increase in biosensor sensitivity.