This paper deals with multimodal practices of football fans in stadiums as well as in digital spaces from a mediality-theoretic perspective. With reference to sociological concepts from audience studies as well as the sociology of rituals, we ask in which medial forms these practices occur, which semiotic resources they draw on and which function(s) different forms of performance have for the constitution of fan cultures. Based on pictures and videos from different stadiums, we argue that the materiality of bodily as well as spatially and temporally structured communication is constitutive for the fans’ collective and ritualized forms of communication and thus ensures their group- and identity-forming functions. Moreover, we analyze the fans’ digital follow-up communication which documents and disseminates the stadium events and metapragmatically reflects the fan practices. We show how under the changed medial conditions of digital communication, multimodal fan practices meet broader and more heterogeneous audiences and create occasions both for emotional involvement and for critique.