Multi-Agent System Approach for Constructing Three-Layer Knowledge Graph Architectures for Efficiently Leveraging Engineering Data

Research output: Contribution to book/Conference proceedings/Anthology/ReportConference contributionContributedpeer-review

Contributors

Abstract

Engineering design processes for complex products utilize and generate large amounts of heterogeneous data, ranging from structured product, part and supplier specifications all the way to unstructured sources such as reports, test and maintenance logs, change orders as well as user feedback. These data sources often remain siloed, limiting opportunities for integrated analysis and knowledge re-use. This work explores the potential of an end-to-end Multi-Agent System (MAS) based on Large Language Models (LLMs) for analyzing and selecting engineering data, generating Knowledge Graph (KG) schemas and performing entity resolution for graph linking to address this challenge. We introduce an overall workflow based on a unified three-layer graph architecture consisting of a reference KG (structured engineering data), an observation KG (entities and relations extracted from unstructured sources), and an evidence KG (text chunks providing provenance) and demonstrate how specialized agents can collaborate to construct it. A proof-of-concept case study using a student drone design course illustrates how design data and user feedback can be processed into the three-layer unified graph structure serving as a substrate for using GraphRAG to illustrate the possibility of answering complex engineering questions. The results demonstrate the promise of LLM-based agentic systems to increase automation and flexibility in dynamically gathering and unifying data across formats for KG construction, establishing a foundation for downstream applications grounded in engineering data enabling explainable, AI-driven reasoning in product development contexts. Finally, current limitations and further research directions are discussed.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publication2026 International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AAIML)
PublisherIEEE Canada
Pages988-994
Number of pages7
ISBN (electronic)979-8-3315-6806-1
ISBN (print)979-8-3315-6807-8
Publication statusPublished - 22 Mar 2026
Peer-reviewedYes

Conference

Title2026 International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Abbreviated titleAAIML 2026
Duration20 - 22 March 2026
Website
LocationChuo University
CityTokyo
CountryJapan

External IDs

Scopus 105040578818

Keywords

Keywords

  • Agentic Automation, Knowledge Graphs, Multi Agent System, Large Language Models, Product Development