Agricultural development is a recurring process in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this, the extent to which micro-level changes triggered, for instance, through migration, shape agricultural development still accounts only for a very negligible amount in the literature. Using the case of Santchou, an agro-dynamic landscape in Cameroon, this paper analyses the source and typology of migrants in three communities and evaluates the effect of migrants on the type of agricultural practices. A representative sample of 149 households was conducted in four communities within the landscape. This was complemented by key informant interviews (N = 5). Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are plausible: Firstly, while economic migrants account for a very significant proportion of the migration picture in the Santchou landscape; the over half a decade of socio-political crisis in parts of Cameroon has equally triggered massive in-migration into this area. Secondly, the most significant effect of migration is the increase in the adoption of technological innovations in agriculture and the shift from extensive to intensive agriculture. The latter is associated with the increasing introduction of market gardening—a practice which is predominant at their source location (North West Region). Thirdly, a comparison of three steps of land cover/use change in Santchou showed that between 2003 and 2023, a more than 60% increase in the surface area covered by arable land was registered. This paper provides empirical evidence to edify migration literature with an emphasis on the role of in-migrants in shaping agricultural development practices.