A method for the determination of mechanical properties under compressive load is presented in this study. The short-span compression test is standardized for paper-based materials and was adapted for veneer in this study. Rotary cut veneer and solid wood of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was tested parallel and transversal to fiber direction. The veneer thickness was varied between 1 and 3 mm. The mechanical properties Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, yield point and compressive strength were measured. The results show that the correct determination of Poisson's ratio depends on the veneer thickness as well as on the fiber direction. For veneer with a thickness of at least 3 mm, it is suitable in fiber direction, but not transversal to the fiber direction. The comparison of the mechanical properties between veneer and solid wood confirms that the lathe checks mainly influence the veneer properties transversal to the fiber direction.