Environmental remediation is a worldwide concern to reverse the impact of rapid urbanization. Outstanding porosity, tunable pore structure and unique flexibility render metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and MOF based separation technologies as promising for air and water filtration. In this chapter, we summarize the design of MOF based adsorbents for pollutant removal. A special emphasis is given on their stability, membrane and fixed bed forming ability, role, performance and mechanism. In addition, limitations and further improvement scopes are discussed in comparison with the current state of the art systems.