Measuring differences in social touch: Development and validation of the short Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire (TEAQ-s)

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

  • Yvonne Friedrich - , Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Federal Institute for Population Research (Author)
  • Sophia Faresse - , Aix-Marseille Université (Author)
  • Celine Henning - , University of Göttingen (Author)
  • Paula D. Trotter - , Liverpool John Moores University (Author)
  • Rochelle Ackerley - , Aix-Marseille Université (Author)
  • Ilona Croy - , Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) Partner Site Jena, Halle, Mageburg (Author)

Abstract

Interpersonal touch is an essential part of human social life, impacting emotional and physical well-being. Variations in touch behavior and perception can be assessed by the Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire (TEAQ). Although comprehensive, the TEAQ appears lengthy with 57 items, limiting its usability for large surveys. Therefore, we developed a refined and shortened version of 16 items, tested in Germany and France. This manuscript presents three studies. In the first, we created the TEAQ-s (n = 313). In the second and third, we validated the TEAQ-s in German (n = 383) and French (n = 327), respectively. The resulting TEAQ-s showed strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.86 to 0.87; test-retest correlation: r = 0.85) and validity consistent with the original version. Analyses also revealed that being in a relationship, relationship satisfaction, mental health, and body appreciation were positively related to touch experiences and attitudes. A four-factor structure (4 items per scale) was confirmed through factor analysis. Final subscales are attitude to friendly touch, current intimate touch, childhood touch, and attitude to intimate touch. We hope that the TEAQ-s serves as a valuable tool for researchers in the field of touch and beyond, offering well-founded items in an efficient format.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number112890
Number of pages12
JournalPersonality and individual differences
Volume233
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2025
Peer-reviewedYes

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Keywords

  • Affective touch, Interpersonal touch, Questionnaire, Social touch, Translation, Validation