MASTER: Reclamation of Hybrid Scratchpad Memory to Maximize Energy Saving in Multi-Core Edge Systems

Research output: Contribution to journal › Research article › Contributed › peer-review

Contributors

  • Mohsen Shekarisaz - , University of Tehran (Author)
  • Ali Hoseinghorban - , Sharif University of Technology, TUD Dresden University of Technology (Author)
  • Mostafa Bazzaz - , Sharif University of Technology (Author)
  • Mohammad Salehi - , Guilan University (Author)
  • Alireza Ejlali - , Sharif University of Technology (Author)

Abstract

Most modern multi-core edge devices work in outdoor situations with limited power supplies like energy harvester and batteries. Therefore, energy consumption is a fundamental issue in which the memory subsystem has a significant role. Scratchpad memories (SPM) can provide a broad potential for energy saving. Still, due to the insufficient SPM capacity in such edge devices, a rigorous SPM data allocation scheme is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the memory subsystem. Emerging non-volatile memories (NVMs) are very useful to reduce the energy consumption of the memory subsystem. Compared with SRAM, NVMs have lower leakage power and higher density, but the read and write latencies of the NVMs are higher than the SRAM. Therefore, embedded and edge devices can take advantage of hybrid SPM composed of both NVM and SRAM to achieve further energy saving. This paper proposes MASTER, a task mapping, task scheduling, and dynamic SPM allocation scheme that efficiently utilizes the hybrid SPM space. To this end, we model the hybrid SPM allocation on a multi-core system with integer linear programming formulation to minimize the energy consumption of the memory subsystem. Experimental results show that MASTER improves the energy saving of the memory subsystem by up to 34 percent compared to EADA, which is a heuristic dynamic data allocation algorithm for multi-core systems with hybrid SPM.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)749-760
Number of pages12
JournalIEEE Transactions on sustainable computing : T-SUSC
Volume7
Issue number4
Publication statusPublished - 1 Oct 2022
Peer-reviewedYes

Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals

Keywords

  • dynamic data allocation, energy saving, hybrid nonvolatile-volatile memory, integer linear programming, On-chip scratchpad memory