Mass flow of antibiotics in a wastewater treatment plant focusing on removal variations due to operational parameters

Research output: Contribution to journalResearch articleContributedpeer-review

Contributors

Abstract

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not designed to purposefully eliminate antibiotics and therefore many previous investigations have been carried out to assess their fate in biological wastewater treatment processes. In order to consolidate previous findings regarding influencing factors like the solid and hydraulic retention time an intensive monitoring was carried out in a municipal WWTP in Germany. Over a period of 12 months daily samples were taken from the in- and effluent as well as diverse sludge streams. The 14 selected antibiotics and one metabolite cover the following classes: cephalosporins, diaminopyrimidines, fluoroquinolones, lincosamide, macrolides, penicillins, sulfonamides and tetracyclines.

Out of the 15 investigated substances, the removal of only clindamycin and ciprofloxacin show significant correlations to SRT, temperature, HRT and nitrogen removal. The dependency of clindamycin's removal could be related to the significant negative removal (i.e. production) of clindamycin in the treatment process and was corrected using the human metabolite clindamycin-sulfoxide. The average elimination was adjusted from -225% to 3% which suggests that clindamycin can be considered as an inert substance during the wastewater treatment Process. Based on the presented data, the mass flow analysis revealed that macrolides, clindamycin/clindamycin-sulfoxide and trimethoprim were mainly released with the effluent, while penicillins, cephalosporins as well as sulfamethoxazole were partly degraded in the studied WWTP. Furthermore, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are the only antibiotics under investigation with a significant mass fraction bound to primary, excess and digested sludge. Nevertheless, the sludge concentrations are highly inconsistent which leads to questionable results. It remains unclear whether the inconsistencies are due to insufficiencies in sampling and/or analytical determination or if the fluctuations can be considered reasonable for digesters. Hence, future investigations have to address antibiotic's temporal dynamics during the sludge treatment to decide whether or not the widely reported standard deviations of sludge concentrations reflect realistic fluctuations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)779-788
Number of pages10
JournalScience of the Total Environment
Volume538
Publication statusPublished - 15 Dec 2015
Peer-reviewedYes

External IDs

Scopus 84940490426
PubMed 26340581
WOS 000363348900075
ORCID /0000-0001-9033-1847/work/139669787
ORCID /0000-0003-1526-997X/work/142247231
ORCID /0000-0003-1054-8080/work/142657163

Keywords

Keywords

  • Wastewater treatment, Sludge, Antibiotics, Elimination, Removal, Mass flow analysis, SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS, PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS, PHARMACEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS, RETENTION TIME, FATE, SLUDGE, MICROPOLLUTANTS, SORPTION, BALANCE, FLUOROQUINOLONES